基于流场特性的管内检测机器人的外形优选研究

管道内检测机器人的结构形状是影响其运动学、动力学特性的关键因素,在机器人设计中占有重要地位。在合理提出一些基本假设后,用二阶迎风差分格式离散管道内检测机器人附近流场的控制方程,并用SIMPLE算法求解,得到了7种不同形状的管道内检测机器人所受的差压驱动力及其周围的流场信息,并对这几种结构的CFD特性作了比较。最后综合空化条件、驱动力、腔内有效体积和加工难度等因素,确定了上游半球形结构为设计形状。     

中国对联合国维和行动的贡献

随着我国改革开放的逐步深入和经济建设的蓬勃发展 ,我国的综合国力不断增强 ,中国参与联合国维和事务的范围和能力也日益扩大 ,投入不断增加 ,这充分体现了中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国在国际事务中的重要作用和影响     

N2O/C7H8单喷嘴燃气发生器试验研究

以基于N2O/C7H8的燃烧驱动混合型气动CO2激光器点火试验为研究背景,设计了液态N2O供应系统及N2O/C7H8单喷嘴燃气发生器.对液态N2O供应系统、N2O/C7H8的点火及燃烧性能进行了研究.试验结果表明:设计的N2O供应系统能够实现液态N2O的稳定供应;在设定的时序下,两个设计工况(余氧系数分别为0.3和0....     

Optimal policies for M/M/m queue with two different kinds of (N,T)‐policies

In this paper, two different kinds of (N, T)‐policies for an M/M/m queueing system are studied. The system operates only intermittently and is shut down when no customers are present any more. A fixed setup cost of K > 0 is incurred each time the system is reopened. Also, a holding cost of h > 0 per unit time is incurred for each customer present. The two (N, T)‐policies studied for this queueing system with cost structures are as follows: (1) The system is reactivated as soon as N customers are present or the waiting time of the leading customer reaches a predefined time T, and (2) the system is reactivated as soon as N customers are present or the time units after the end of the last busy period reaches a predefined time T. The equations satisfied by the optimal policy (N*, T*) for minimizing the long‐run average cost per unit time in both cases are obtained. Particularly, we obtain the explicit optimal joint policy (N*, T*) and optimal objective value for the case of a single server, the explicit optimal policy N* and optimal objective value for the case of multiple servers when only predefined customers number N is measured, and the explicit optimal policy T* and optimal objective value for the case of multiple servers when only predefined time units T is measured, respectively. These results partly extend (1) the classic N or T policy to a more practical (N, T)‐policy and (2) the conclusions obtained for single server system to a system consisting of m (m ≥ 1) servers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 240–258, 2000     

On the availability of R out of N repairable systems

An R out of N repairable system consisting of N components and operates if at least R components are functioning. Repairable means that failed components are repaired, and upon repair completion they are as good as new. We derive formulas for the expected up‐time, expected down‐time, and the availability of the system, using Markov renewal processes. We assume that either the repair times of the components are generally distributed and the components' lifetimes are exponential or vice versa. The analysis is done for systems with either cold or warm stand‐by. Numerical examples are given for several life time and repair time distributions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 483–498, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10025     

Aid versus sanctions for taming oppressors: theory and case study of the Iraqi Kurds

We model an oppressor aiming at victimizing an excluded group in his country, with two main variants. A foreign power affects his behaviour using either conditional aid, subject to the dictator’s participation constraint, or the threat of sanctions, broadly defined, subject to the credibility constraint. The choice between the two is either determined by the latter, or by their relative cost. Aid is preferred when the threat of sanctions is ineffective, and sanctions are too expensive. Sanctions might be imposed, if the threat is ineffective. A case study of the Iraqi Kurds after Iraq was subject to sanctions is presented.     

Gas metal arc welding of high nitrogen stainless steel with Ar-N2-O2 ternary shielding gas

High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75％was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar—N2-O2 ternary shielding gas. The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitrogen content in the weld was identified. Surfacing test was conducted first to compare the ability of O2 and CO2 in prompting nitrogen dissolution. The nitrogen content of the surfacing metal with O2 is slightly higher than CO2. And then Ar—N2-O2 shielding gas was applied to weld high nitrogen stainless steel. After using N2-containing shielding gas, the nitrogen content of the weld was improved by 0.1 wt％. As N2 continued to increase, the increment of nitrogen content was not obvious, but the ferrite decreased from the top to the bottom. When the proportion of N2 reached 20％, a full austenitic weld was obtained and the tensile strength was improved by 8.7％. Combined with the results of surfacing test and welding test, it is concluded that the main effect of N2 is to inhibit the escape of nitrogen and suppress the ni-trogen diffusion from bottom to the top in the molten pool.     

用动网格法计算理想平板的颤振导数

提出了一种数值模拟振动的理想平板绕流场 ,并提取其气动导数的方法。时间相关的不可压N S方程采用Projetion 2格式解耦 ,关于中间速度的动量方程的时间和空间离散采用二阶半隐格式 ,压力Possion方程迭代用多层网格法加速收敛。分别计算平板作竖向强迫振动或扭转强迫振动的气动力 ,用动网格法考虑平板和气流的耦合作用。由计算得到的气动力用最小二乘法确定 8个气动导数。计算结果和理想平板的Theodorsen理论值有较好的一致性     

备件冷储备方案下装备群任务可靠性建模

针对具有相同结构功能的装备群系统可靠性评估问题,根据任务周期内对装备完好数的要求,合理表示了系统状态转移过程。以部件任务期间状态变化为研究对象,将系统等效表示为多阶段任务系统,即串行k/N(G)系统。在确定系统可行状态过程基础上,分别建立了部件寿命分布在3种不同情形下的系统任务可靠性模型,并分析了备件冷储备方案的影响。为确定系统任务期间备件携带量提供决策支持,最后给出了一个应用实例。     

粘弹性谱随机有限元

发展了一种粘弹性谱随机有限元法(VSSFEM),并将其用于固体火箭发动机装药结构随机分析。基于不可压或近似不可压粘弹性增量有限元方法和正交展开理论,考虑固体推进剂泊松比的随机性,推导了粘弹性谱随机有限元列式,最后对弹性约束的圆柱形中孔药柱进行了随机分析。算例分析表明该方法能够正确有效地进行粘弹性体随机分析。